GateWay服务限流

GateWay服务限流

秒杀高并发等操作,严禁一窝蜂的过来拥挤,大家排队,一秒钟N个,有序进行.flowlimit

Gateway

Gateway是在Spring生态系统之上构建的API网关服务,基于Spring 5,Spring Boot 2和 Project Reactor等技术。

Gateway旨在提供一种简单而有效的方式来对API进行路由,以及提供一些强大的过滤器功能,例如:熔断、限流、重试等。

1596980807123

SpringCloud Gateway 使用的是Webflux中的reactor-netty响应式编程组件,底层使用了Netty通讯框架。

1596981084802

1596981218641

1596982261551

Gateway:

1596982457962

Gateway的三大核心概念

Route(路由)

路由是构建网关的基本模块,它由ID,目标URI,一系列的断言和过滤器组成,如果断言为true则匹配该路由。

Predicate(断言)

参考的是java8的java.util.function.Predicate开发人员可以匹配HTTP请求中的所有内容(例如请求头或请求参数),如果请求与断言相匹配则进行路由

Filter(过滤)

指的是Spring框架中GatewayFilter的实例,使用过滤器,可以在请求被路由前或者之后对请求进行修改。

1597041510243

工作流程

1597041530900

核心逻辑

路由转发+执行过滤器链

新建cloud-gateway-gateway9527

pom(移除了web依赖)

    <dependencies>
        <!--新增gateway-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
        </dependency>
      	<dependency>
            <groupId>com.kayleh.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

yml

server:
  port: 9527
spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-gateway
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: cloud-gateway-service
  client:
    service-url:
      register-with-eureka: true
      fetch-registry: true
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka

无业务类

主启动类

package com.kayleh.springcloud;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class GateWayMain9527 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(GateWayMain9527.class, args);
    }
}

观察cloud-provider-payment8001的controller的get/lb访问路径

目前不想暴露8001端口,希望在8001外面套一层9527

修改pom.xml

server:
  port: 9527
spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-gateway
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: payment_routh #路由的ID,没有固定规则但要求唯一,建议配合服务名
          uri: http://localhost:8001   #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
          predicates:
            - Path=/payment/get/**   #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由

        - id: payment_routh2
          uri: http://localhost:8001
          predicates:
            - Path=/payment/lb/**   #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: cloud-gateway-service
  client:
  	#服务提供者注册进eureka服务列表内
    service-url:
      register-with-eureka: true
      fetch-registry: true
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka

测试

添加网关前

http://localhost:8001/payment/get/31

添加网关后

http://localhost:9527/payment/get/31

1597043412245

除了使用yaml的方法配置还可以使用代码配置:9527

package com.kayleh.springcloud.config;

@Configuration
public class GateWayConfig {
    @Bean
    public RouteLocator customRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder routeLocatorBuilder) {
        RouteLocatorBuilder.Builder routes = routeLocatorBuilder.routes();
        routes.route("path_rote_kayleh",
                r -> r.path("/guonei")
                        .uri("http://news.baidu.com/guonei")).build();
        return routes.build();
    }
}

测试

http://localhost:9527/guonei

通过微服务名实现动态路由

默认情况下Gateway会根据注册中心的服务列表,以注册中心上微服务名为路径创建动态路由进行转发,从而实现动态路由的功能

修改yaml

server:
  port: 9527
spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-gateway
  cloud:
    gateway:
      discovery:
        locator:
          enabled: true  #开启从注册中心动态创建路由的功能,利用微服务名进行路由
      routes:
        - id: payment_routh #路由的ID,没有固定规则但要求唯一,建议配合服务名
          #uri: http://localhost:8001   #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
          uri: lb://cloud-payment-service
          predicates:
            - Path=/payment/get/**   #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由

        - id: payment_routh2
          #uri: http://localhost:8001   #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
          uri: lb://cloud-payment-service
          predicates:
            - Path=/payment/lb/**   #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: cloud-gateway-service
  client:
    service-url:
      register-with-eureka: true
      fetch-registry: true
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka

需要注意的是uri的协议为lb,表示启用Gateway的负载均衡功能。

lb://serviceName是spring cloud gateway在微服务中自动为我们创建的负载均衡uri

测试

http://localhost:9527/payment/lb

8001/8002两个端口切换

Predicate的使用

1597054276153

1597054330113

1597054313552

1597054346178

常用的Route Predicate

After Route Predicate

   - After=2020-03-08T10:59:34.102+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]
   # 在???时间后生效

时间可以这样获取:

 ZonedDateTime zbj = ZonedDateTime.now();
 System.out.println(zbj);

Before Route Predicate

   - After=2020-03-08T10:59:34.102+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]
   - Before=2020-03-08T10:59:34.102+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]

Between Route Predicate

   - Between=2020-03-08T10:59:34.102+08:00[Asia/Shanghai] ,  2020-03-08T10:59:34.102+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]

1597054584109

  - Cookie=username,kayleh    #并且Cookie是username=kayleh才能访问

1597054626731

不带cookies访问

-> cmd
curl http://localhost:9527/payment/lb

curl http://localhost:9527/payment/lb --cookie "username,kayleh" 
#返回端口号表示访问成功

带上cookies访问

加入curl返回中文乱码

https://blog.csdn.net/leedee/article/details/82685636

Header Route Predicate

- Header=X-Request-Id, \d+   #请求头中要有X-Request-Id属性并且值为整数的正则表达式

1597054747638

1597054756074

Host Route Predicate

  - Host=**.atguigu.com

Method Route Predicate

    - Method=GET

Path Route Predicate

Query Route Predicate

  - Query=username, \d+ #要有参数名称并且是正整数才能路由

测试

curl http://localhost:9527/payment/lb?username=1
curl http://localhost:9527/payment/lb?username=-1

ALL

server:
  port: 9527
spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-gateway
  cloud:
    gateway:
      discovery:
        locator:
          enabled: true  #开启从注册中心动态创建路由的功能,利用微服务名进行路由
      routes:
        - id: payment_routh #路由的ID,没有固定规则但要求唯一,建议配合服务名
          #uri: http://localhost:8001   #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
          uri: lb://cloud-payment-service
          predicates:
            - Path=/payment/get/**   #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
 
        - id: payment_routh2
          #uri: http://localhost:8001   #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
          uri: lb://cloud-payment-service
          predicates:
            - Path=/payment/lb/**   #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
            #- After=2020-03-08T10:59:34.102+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]
            #- Cookie=username,zhangshuai #并且Cookie是username=zhangshuai才能访问
            #- Header=X-Request-Id, \d+ #请求头中要有X-Request-Id属性并且值为整数的正则表达式
            #- Host=**.atguigu.com
            #- Method=GET
            #- Query=username, \d+ #要有参数名称并且是正整数才能路由
 
 
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: cloud-gateway-service
  client:
    service-url:
      register-with-eureka: true
      fetch-registry: true
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka

说白了,Predicate就是为了实现一组匹配规则,

让请求过来找到对应的Route进行处理

Filter

是什么?

1597068671697

生命周期

pre 在业务逻辑之前

post 在业务逻辑之后

种类

GatewayFilter 单一

GlobalFilter 全局

常用的GatewayFilter

AddRequestParameter

yml:

1597068815115

自定义过滤器

自定义全局GlobalFilter

两个主要接口介绍

impiemerts GlobalFilter ,Ordered

能干嘛

全局日志记录

统一网关鉴权

。。。

案例:

package com.kayleh.springcloud.filter;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;

import java.util.Date;

@Component
@Slf4j
public class MyLogGateWayFilter implements GlobalFilter,Ordered {
    @Override
    public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {

        log.info("*********come in MyLogGateWayFilter: "+new Date());
        String uname = exchange.getRequest().getQueryParams().getFirst("username");
        if(StringUtils.isEmpty(username)){
            log.info("*****用户名为Null 非法用户,(┬_┬)");
            exchange.getResponse().setStatusCode(HttpStatus.NOT_ACCEPTABLE);//给人家一个回应
            return exchange.getResponse().setComplete();
        }
        return chain.filter(exchange);
    }

    @Override
    public int getOrder() {
        return 0;
    }
}

启动:

1597068959493

测试:

正确:http://localhost:9527/payment/lb?uname=z3
错误 http://localhost:9527/payment/lb
让过去的过去,给时间点时间
Built with Hugo
Theme Stack designed by Jimmy